Introduction After learning SQL Injection, the next most important vulnerability every aspiring ethical hacker must understand is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). XSS is one of the most common web vulnerabilities and plays a major role in bug bounty programs and penetration testing. What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)? Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a web security vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into trusted websites. These scripts are executed in the victim’s browser, allowing attackers to manipulate user interactions, steal sensitive data, or hijack sessions. How Does XSS Work? Unlike SQL Injection, which targets the database, XSS targets users interacting with a web application. If a website does not properly sanitize user input, an attacker can inject JavaScript like: <script>alert('Hacked!');</script> When another user visits the affected page, the script executes in their browser. Types of XSS 1. Stored XSS (Persistent) In this type, m...